✅ Reviewed for accuracy and relevance by Deanna Cooper Gillingham, RN, CCM, FCM on July 11, 2025.
Assistive devices are tools designed, made, or adapted to help individuals perform a specific task. Assistive technology refers to any item, product, system, or piece of equipment used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities. These devices can be high-tech, such as computers and hearing aids, or as simple as a cane or a reacher. They allow individuals with impaired abilities or functional limitations to function more independently.
Mobility aids
Mobility aids support individuals with mobility impairments by helping them move safely and in various settings. Considerations for choosing a mobility device
When assisting a client in selecting a mobility device such as a manual wheelchair, power wheelchair, or scooter, several factors must be considered, including insurance coverage, medical necessity criteria, and coverage for maintenance and repairs. Manual wheelchairs are the most affordable and lightweight option, making them highly portable. However, they require sufficient upper-body strength for self-propulsion, which make them unsuitable for some clients.
For clients who cannot self-propel, a power wheelchair or scooter should be considered. Power wheelchairs provide customizable features to meet individual needs but are significantly more expensive than manual wheelchairs. They are also heavy and often require a vehicle lift for transport. Scooters are faster and easier to disassemble for transport, but are less stable than power wheelchairs.
Both power wheelchairs and scooters are battery-powered, requiring regular charging and maintenance. Before selecting a power mobility device, clients should undergo an evaluation by a physical therapist to ensure they can operate it safely and effectively.
Assistive technology for computer use
Individuals with sensory or motor impairments may need specialized software or hardware to access computers. Common adaptive tools include:
- Alternate keyboard
- Voice recognition software
- Screen readers
- Screen enlargement applications
Cognitive and memory support devices
Devices to assist with orientation to person, place, and time include:
- Clocks
- Calendars
- Smartphones
- Memory books
- Location-tracking devices
Prosthetic devices
A prosthetic device is an artificial replacement for a missing or impaired body part. These devices improve function, mobility, or cosmetic appearance.
Hearing and communication assistive devices
Telecommunication devices for people who are deaf or hard of hearing (referred to generally as TDD, or telecommunication device for the deaf) include:
- Hearing aids
- Closed captioning
- Teletypewriter (TTY)
- Text Telephone Device (TTD)
TDD, TTY, and TTD are used interchangeably to refer to text-based telecommunications equipment used by people with hearing or speech difficulties. The equipment is needed by both the sender and the receiver of the message.
When one party does not have a TDD, a relay service allows a deaf or hard-of-hearing person with a TDD to communicate with the other party. An operator at the relay service acts as an interpreter, using TDD equipment to communicate with the deaf or hard-of-hearing person and a telephone to communicate with the other party. Video relay services allow the deaf or hard-of-hearing person to communicate in American Sign Language. The popularity of texting and smartphones has significantly improved accessibility, decreasing the need for specialized equipment.
